Also called the ‘third eye’, the pineal gland is a small endocrine gland situated deep inside the centre of the brain of most vertebrates. The area it is situated in is known as the epithalamus where the two hemispheres of the brain join. The pineal gland is used by radiographers to mark the centre of the brain in X-ray images. It contains high levels of calcium and is best known for the secretion of the hormone, melatonin, which is responsible for regulating sleep cycles, thus maintaining the body’s internal clock. Pineal gland dysfunctions might affect bone metabolism, sense of direction, fertility and menstrual cycle, and mental health.
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