Scientific philosophizing led to empiricist, materialist and naturalist forms of philosophy. These three approaches emphasized reason and scientific thinking and took away the central role of revelation and theology in interpreting the nature of reality and real knowledge. Natural philosophy, embraced by Isaac Newton and Rene Descartes, expanded the idea that mathematics should be considered the new universal language. Aristotelian thoughts were replaced with more accurate observations, as scientists tried to explain various phenomena.
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